The heap of parts that Grace has been keeping in her garage over the years is Vern’s actual Volvo for several reasons. Let’s start with the definition of an object. An object is made up of its physical parts. This being said, the heap of parts was Vern’s Volvo because those parts originally made up his actual car. If we expand this concept to the entire world, the example of human beings is an excellent one. Humans are defined by their parts (just like Vern’s Volvo) in essence by their chemical make-up. What separates humans from primates is our DNA. Our DNA is one of the many parts that make us whole, just like the parts of Vern’s Volvo that originally made up a whole Volvo. Another example is that of a common toaster. The parts inside the toaster are what make up the toaster as a whole. Without these parts the toaster in question would not exist. Objects are always defined by the sum of its parts.
Based on the definition of Vern’s Volvo, his current car cannot be the same as his original car, because it is made up of completely different parts. The new parts that Grace installed in Vern’s car were not original to the car. Therefore, because all of the parts of Vern’s car have all been replaced over time, Vern in reality is driving a brand new car. This is why the heap of metal in Grace’s garage is indeed Vern’s actual Volvo.
If Grace were to put the Volvo back together, it would then be Grace’s Volvo because she put it together. Ownership transfers when you put pieces together into a workable whole like the car. The individual pieces of the car were originally Vern’s, but because Grace put the pieces together to form a new car, the car is definitely hers. One could argue that the car she reconstructed was still Vern’s because the individual pieces were his. However, Grace put time and energy into the car so she made it her own. She is now going to make use of the old Volvo making it hers.
Vern’s Volvo changed when Grace finally received the last piece of Vern’s Volvo; the Volvo that Vern was currently driving was no longer his Volvo. He was driving a brand new car that he technically owned, but was not in any way his original Volvo. For example, if I were to renovate my house and rip everything out down to the foundation and replaced everything in it, by market standards it would then be considered a new home. The same concept applies to Vern’s car. Everything old had be taken out and replaced, that is why Vern’s car changed. It changed not only owners, but it changed from and old car to a brand new one.